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எழுத்து அளவுஇயல்பு
முகப்பு
தமிழ்நாடு கொள்கைக் குறிப்புகள் 2026-27
2026-27 தமிழ்நாடு அரசுத் துறைகளின் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ கொள்கைக் குறிப்புகள், திட்டங்கள் & குறிப்புகள்
தமிழ்நாட்டை அறிவோம்
தமிழ்நாட்டின் 38 மாவட்டங்கள் — அதிகாரப்பூர்வ குறிப்புகள், நிர்வாகம், புவியியல், புவிசார் குறியீடுகள் & சிலபஸ் குறிப்புகள்
ஒன்றிய நிதிநிலை 2026-27
மத்திய நிதிநிலைத் தொகுப்பு — நிதிக் கொள்கை, வரிச் சீர்திருத்தங்கள் & வினாடி வினா
மாநில நிதிநிலை 2026-27
தமிழ்நாடு திருத்த வரவு-செலவுத் திட்டம் — 84 புதிய திட்டங்கள், துறை ஒதுக்கீடுகள்
ஒன்றிய பொருளாதார ஆய்வறிக்கை 2026-27
மத்திய பொருளாதார ஆய்வறிக்கை — GDP வளர்ச்சி, பொருளாதாரக் குறியீடுகள்
மாநில பொருளாதார ஆய்வறிக்கை 2025-26
மாநிலத் திட்டக் குழு ஆய்வறிக்கை — GSDP வளர்ச்சி, தரவரிசைகள் & மெயின்ஸ் குறிப்புகள்
மக்கள் தொகை கணக்கெடுப்பு 2026
இந்திய மற்றும் தமிழ்நாடு மக்கள் தொகை கணக்கெடுப்பு பற்றிய முழுமையான கையேடு
பொதுத் தமிழ் 100/100 களஞ்சியம்
பொதுத் தமிழ் முதன்மை என்சைக்ளோபீடியா
100/100 இலக்கு — முப்பெரும் பாடத்திட்டம், 6-12 அட்லஸ் & களஞ்சியம்
திருக்குறள் பேரமைப்புக் களஞ்சியம்
1,330 குறட்பாக்கள், 4 முதன்மை உரைகள் & 25 பாடத்திட்ட அதிகாரங்கள்
சங்க இலக்கியம் & காப்பியங்கள்
எட்டுத்தொகை, பத்துப்பாட்டு, 99 மலர்கள் & ஐம்பெருங் காப்பியங்கள்
21 இலக்கண விதிகள் & சந்திப் பிழை புதிர்
வல்லினம் மிகும்/மிகா இடங்கள் விளையாட்டு, 42 ஓரெழுத்து ஒருமொழி & விதிகள்
தமிழ்ச்சான்றோர்கள் வரலாற்றுப் பெட்டகம்
பாரதியார், உ.வே.சா உள்ளிட்ட 35+ முன்னோடி ஆளுமைகள், இதழ்கள் & மகளிர்
100 வினா OMR மாதிரித் தேர்வு
அசல் TNPSC வினாத்தாள் வடிவில் நேரக் கட்டுப்பாட்டுடன் கூடிய OMR மாதிரித் தேர்வு
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Consumer Protection Act 2019: Market Response & Challenges

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019's adaptation to e-commerce and digital advertising is being evaluated.

What is it?

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 is a law protecting consumer interests, replacing the 1986 Act, with provisions for e-commerce and product liability.

Key Exam Points

  • The Act responds to marketplace changes by including online transactions.

  • It established the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA).

  • The Act addresses product liability and regulates misleading advertisements.

  • Digital dispute resolution mechanisms are part of the Act.

  • Implementation challenges include vacancies and pendency in consumer commissions.

  • Low consumer awareness and digital market complexities are also challenges.

  • Measures required include institutional capacity-building and coordinated regulation.

  • Stronger platform accountability and technology-based monitoring are suggested.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 replaced the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

  • The Act came into force on July 20, 2020.

  • It introduced the concept of 'product liability'.

  • The Act established the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA).

  • CCPA has powers to inquire, investigate, and issue directions against unfair trade practices.

  • The Act covers e-commerce transactions and direct selling.

  • It provides for consumer dispute redressal commissions at district, state, and national levels.

  • Consumers can file complaints electronically.

Revision Flashcard

Consumer Protection Act, 2019 replaced the 1986 Act, addressing e-commerce and product liability.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
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What is one of the key features introduced by the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, to address marketplace changes?

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CWMA directs Karnataka to release 6,000 cusecs daily to Tamil Nadu

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

The Cauvery Water Management Authority upheld the CWRC direction ordering Karnataka to release 6,000 cusecs of water per day to Tamil Nadu.

What is it?

The Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA) is a statutory body overseeing water-sharing agreements between riparian states across the Cauvery basin.

Key Exam Points

  • The Cauvery Water Management Authority met in Delhi and upheld the order issued by the Cauvery Water Regulation Committee.

  • Karnataka was instructed to ensure the release of 6,000 cusecs of water daily to Tamil Nadu for a period of 15 days.

  • Karnataka had formally appealed to the CWMA challenging the earlier decision delivered by the CWRC.

  • Karnataka Water Resources Minister N. Cheluvarayaswamy indicated that the state might approach the Supreme Court against the directive.

  • Water released by Karnataka from upstream reservoirs is monitored at the inter-state contact point at Biligundlu.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • Article 262 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to adjudicate disputes relating to waters of inter-state rivers.

  • Parliament enacted the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act in 1956 under the provisions of Article 262.

  • The Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) was constituted by the Central Government on June 2, 1990.

  • The Supreme Court delivered its landmark final verdict on the Cauvery water dispute on February 16, 2018.

  • In the 2018 verdict, Tamil Nadu was allocated 177.25 TMC of water annually at Biligundlu instead of the tribunal-awarded 192 TMC.

  • The Central Government notified the Cauvery Water Management Scheme in June 2018, creating the CWMA and CWRC.

  • River Cauvery originates at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri Hills of Kodagu district in Karnataka.

Revision Flashcard

CWMA confirmed CWRC order directing Karnataka to release 6,000 cusecs daily to Tamil Nadu.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

What was the recent directive issued by the Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA) to Karnataka?

Keywords & Tags

India Hosts 18th BRICS Summit 2026 at Bharat Mandapam

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

India is hosting the 18th BRICS Summit at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, marking its fourth term as BRICS Chair.

What is it?

BRICS is an intergovernmental organization comprising major emerging economies, aiming to promote regional and global economic cooperation.

Key Exam Points

  • India assumed its fourth BRICS Chairship on 1 January 2026, marking twenty years since the establishment of BRICS in 2006.

  • The 18th BRICS Summit is scheduled for 12–13 September 2026 at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi.

  • The theme for India's 2026 BRICS Chairship is "Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability."

  • As many as 350 meetings and high-level engagements have been held in over 25 cities across India leading up to the summit.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • The BRICS grouping originally began as BRIC in 2006 with Brazil, Russia, India, and China, before South Africa joined in 2010.

  • The New Development Bank (NDB), formerly referred to as the BRICS Development Bank, was established during the 6th BRICS Summit in Fortaleza, Brazil in 2014.

  • India previously held the BRICS Chairship in the years 2012, 2016, and 2021 before assuming the chair for the fourth time in 2026.

  • The BRICS nations represent over 40 percent of the world's population and a significant share of global GDP.

Revision Flashcard

India assumed its fourth BRICS Chairship on January 1, 2026, hosting the 18th BRICS Summit at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

When is the 18th BRICS Summit scheduled to be held in New Delhi?

Keywords & Tags

India Joins Global 6G Alliance

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

India joined the US and 24 other nations in a global initiative to shape next-generation 6G networks.

What is it?

A global initiative aimed at developing and rolling out next-generation 6G telecommunications networks.

Key Exam Points

  • India joined the United States and 24 other countries in an international initiative for 6G networks.

  • The initiative aims to shape the development and rollout of next-generation 6G telecommunications networks.

  • MoS Commerce Jitin Prasada met with US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick on the sidelines of the G20 Innovation Ministerial.

  • India is also advancing its domestic ambition under the Bharat 6G Mission.

  • The US Commerce Department announced India's participation in this global alliance.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • 6G is the sixth generation of wireless communication technologies, succeeding 5G.

  • The Bharat 6G Mission aims to position India as a leading global innovator in 6G technology.

  • The G20 Innovation Ministerial focuses on fostering global cooperation in technology and innovation.

  • India's telecommunications sector is regulated by the Ministry of Communications.

  • The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) under the Ministry of Communications is responsible for policy, licensing, and coordination in the telecom sector.

  • India launched the National Digital Communications Policy 2018 to promote digital infrastructure and services.

Revision Flashcard

India joins global 6G alliance with US and 24 nations, advancing Bharat 6G Mission.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

India recently joined an international initiative for which next-generation network?

Keywords & Tags

Iran values India ties; Chabahar Port discussions

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesperson emphasized historic ties and Chabahar Port discussions ahead of the upcoming BRICS summit.

What is it?

This refers to Iran's diplomatic reaffirmation of its strong bilateral relationship with India, particularly focusing on strategic projects like the Chabahar Port.

Key Exam Points

  • Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Esmail Baghaei, highlighted the country's long-standing, historic, and civilisational ties with India.

  • Discussions on the Chabahar Port are a significant issue in bilateral talks between India and Iran.

  • The statement from Iran's Foreign Ministry was released on Tuesday, September 8, 2026.

  • This emphasis on bilateral ties comes just days before the upcoming BRICS summit.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • The Chabahar Port is located in southeastern Iran, on the Gulf of Oman.

  • India is developing the Shahid Beheshti terminal at Chabahar Port to provide an alternative trade route to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan.

  • BRICS is an acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

  • South Africa joined BRICS in 2010, expanding the original BRIC group.

  • The BRICS group aims to promote peace, security, development, and cooperation globally.

  • India and Iran have historically shared strong cultural and economic ties.

Revision Flashcard

Iran emphasized Chabahar Port discussions ahead of the BRICS summit.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

Who is the Foreign Ministry spokesperson of Iran who recently highlighted historic ties with India?

Keywords & Tags
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Kawal Tiger Reserve: Abundant Prey, No Resident Tigers

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

A 12-year study confirmed Kawal Tiger Reserve has no resident tigers despite abundant prey and ideal geographical location.

What is it?

Kawal Tiger Reserve is a protected area in northern Telangana, connecting major tiger landscapes in Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh.

Key Exam Points

  • Linear infrastructure in Telangana cuts off tiger corridors, making it difficult for tigers, especially females, to reach Kawal Tiger Reserve.

  • The fragmentation of corridors increases the chances of human–tiger conflict and leaves the reserve without a breeding tiger population.

  • A 12-year study conducted between 2010 and 2022 confirmed that no tigers live permanently in Kawal Tiger Reserve.

  • Kawal is geographically ideal, connecting Tadoba-Andhari in Maharashtra to the west and Indravati in Chhattisgarh to the east.

  • The reserve supports large populations of spotted deer, sambar, nilgai, and wild pigs, indicating a rich prey base.

  • Since 2015, only 15 transient tigers, with just two females, have entered Kawal from Maharashtra.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • Kawal Tiger Reserve is located in the state of Telangana, India.

  • It was officially declared a Tiger Reserve in the year 2012.

  • Project Tiger, a major wildlife conservation program, was launched in India in 1973.

  • The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is the statutory body for tiger conservation in India.

  • The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, provides the legal framework for the protection of wildlife, including tigers, in India.

  • Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve is one of the oldest and largest tiger reserves in Maharashtra.

  • Indravati Tiger Reserve is a significant protected area located in the state of Chhattisgarh.

  • The Godavari river, one of India's major rivers, flows near the Kawal Tiger Reserve.

Revision Flashcard

Kawal Tiger Reserve in Telangana has abundant prey but no resident tigers due to corridor fragmentation.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

What was the main finding of the 12-year study conducted on Kawal Tiger Reserve between 2010 and 2022?

Keywords & Tags

Rupee Falls 10 Paise to 94.66 Against U.S. Dollar

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

The Indian rupee depreciated against the U.S. dollar in early trade due to surging Brent crude prices and geopolitical tensions.

What is it?

Exchange rate fluctuation between the Indian Rupee (INR) and the U.S. Dollar (USD) influenced by global crude prices and central bank interventions.

Key Exam Points

  • The rupee depreciated by 10 paise to 94.66 against the U.S. dollar on September 8, 2026.

  • Surging Brent crude prices nearing $97 per barrel caused the currency depreciation.

  • West Asian geopolitical friction dampened investor confidence in the early trade.

  • RBI dollar sales and strong foreign-currency inflows helped keep the rupee range-bound.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • RBI regulates foreign exchange under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) enacted in 1999.

  • India follows a managed floating exchange rate system where the central bank intervenes to curb volatility.

  • Foreign Exchange Reserves of India are managed by the Reserve Bank of India.

  • The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1, 1935, under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

  • FEMA replaced the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) of 1973.

Revision Flashcard

India follows a managed floating exchange rate system where RBI intervenes to manage forex volatility.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

By how much did the Indian rupee depreciate against the U.S. dollar on September 8, 2026?

Keywords & Tags

State Government's Role in High Court Chief Justice Appointment Explained

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

The Punjab government objected to the Centre notifying the appointment of a High Court Chief Justice without adequate consultation.

What is it?

A constitutional debate regarding the consultative process involving State governments, Governors, and the Supreme Court Collegium under Article 217.

Key Exam Points

  • The Punjab Cabinet passed a resolution against the Centre notifying the appointment of Justice Ashwani Kumar Mishra as High Court Chief Justice.

  • Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann wrote to the President and the Prime Minister urging to defer the oath administration until State concerns are addressed.

  • Under the constitutional framework, the Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the State.

  • The Memorandum of Procedure (MoP) guides the appointment process, requiring the Governor to act on the advice of the Chief Minister in sending recommendations.

  • The dispute highlights ongoing friction over executive consultation versus judicial primacy in higher judicial appointments.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • Article 217 of the Constitution governs the appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.

  • Article 214 mandates that there shall be a High Court for each State, while Article 231 empowers Parliament to establish a common High Court for two or more States.

  • The Second Judges Case (1993) established the Collegium system, ruling that 'consultation' in judicial appointments effectively means 'concurrence'.

  • The Third Judges Case (1998) expanded the Supreme Court Collegium for High Court appointments to include the CJI and two senior-most judges.

  • Article 219 provides that every person appointed to be a Judge of a High Court shall make and subscribe an oath before the Governor of the State.

  • The 99th Constitutional Amendment Act (2014) established the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC), which was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015 as unconstitutional.

  • A High Court judge holds office until attaining the age of 62 years, as amended by the 15th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1963.

Revision Flashcard

High Court judges are appointed under Article 217 by the President in consultation with the CJI and State Governor.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

Which state cabinet recently passed a resolution against the Centre's notification of a High Court Chief Justice appointment?

Keywords & Tags

Supreme Court Quashes FIRs Against NEET-UG Protestors

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

The Supreme Court quashed First Information Reports (FIRs) filed against NEET-UG protestors.

What is it?

The NEET-UG protests were student demonstrations against alleged paper leaks and the cancellation of the NEET-UG 2026 examination.

Key Exam Points

  • The Supreme Court quashed the First Information Reports (FIRs) registered against the NEET-UG protestors.

  • The primary petitioner alleged that the conduct of the Delhi police and political executive was contrary to constitutional guarantees.

  • The petitioner further stated that the conduct was "manifestly criminal in character".

  • The protests were staged at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi on May 14, 2026.

  • The demonstrations were against the National Testing Agency (NTA) regarding alleged paper leak concerns.

  • The NEET-UG 2026 examination had been cancelled prior to these protests.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • The Supreme Court has the power to quash FIRs under Article 32 of the Constitution or Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

  • The right to protest peacefully is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) and 19(1)(b) of the Indian Constitution.

  • The National Testing Agency (NTA) was established in 2017 as an autonomous and self-sustained premier testing organization.

  • NTA conducts entrance examinations for admission/fellowship in higher educational institutions, including NEET-UG.

  • A First Information Report (FIR) is a written document prepared by police when they receive information about the commission of a cognizable offence.

  • FIRs are registered under Section 154 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973.

Revision Flashcard

Supreme Court quashed FIRs against NEET-UG protestors, upholding constitutional guarantees.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

The NEET-UG protests, for which FIRs were quashed by the Supreme Court, were staged on which date?

Keywords & Tags

T.N. Assembly Passes 11 Bills

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly passed 11 Bills, including key amendment Bills, on September 8, 2026.

What is it?

The legislative process where the State Assembly enacts new laws or amends existing ones, crucial for governance and policy implementation.

Key Exam Points

  • The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly passed a total of 11 Bills.

  • These Bills were passed on Tuesday, September 8, 2026.

  • The contentious Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning (Amendment) Bill, 2026, was among those passed.

  • The Tamil Nadu Private Universities (Amendment) Bill, 2026, was also passed by the Assembly.

  • The Tamil Nadu Private Universities Act, 2019, mandates a minimum of 100 acres of contiguous land for establishing a private university.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly is a unicameral legislature.

  • Article 168 of the Indian Constitution deals with the constitution of Legislatures in States.

  • Article 170 specifies the composition of the Legislative Assemblies in States.

  • Article 200 of the Constitution outlines the Governor's power to assent to Bills passed by the State Legislature.

  • The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly currently has 234 elected members.

  • The Madras State was officially renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969.

  • The first Legislative Assembly of Madras State was constituted in 1952.

  • The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act was originally enacted in 1971.

  • The Tamil Nadu Private Universities Act, 2019, aims to regulate the establishment and functioning of private universities in the state.

Revision Flashcard

T.N. Assembly passed 11 Bills, including amendments to Town Planning and Private Universities Acts, on Sep 8, 2026.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

How many Bills were passed by the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in September 2026?

Keywords & Tags
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Tamil Nadu Announces Statewide Mission to Reduce Salt Intake

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

The Tamil Nadu Health Minister announced a comprehensive statewide mission in the Assembly to tackle rising non-communicable diseases by reducing daily salt consumption.

What is it?

A public health initiative aimed at lowering the daily salt intake of the population to prevent chronic conditions like hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

Key Exam Points

  • Tamil Nadu Health Minister K.G. Arunraj announced the statewide mission on September 8, 2026.

  • Scientific studies indicate that people in Tamil Nadu consume an average of 7 to 8 grams of salt per day.

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that a person should consume less than 5 grams of salt a day.

  • The mission aims to combat major health risks including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and kidney disorders.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • Tamil Nadu Health System Reform Program (TNHSRP) is supported by the World Bank with a Central-State funding ratio of 60:40.

  • Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam is a flagship Tamil Nadu scheme launched to provide doorstep healthcare services for elderly and non-communicable disease patients.

  • Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages.

  • Article 47 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.

  • National Health Mission (NHM) aims at achieving universal access to equitable, affordable and quality healthcare services across India.

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Revision Flashcard

Tamil Nadu launched a statewide mission to reduce daily salt intake from 7-8g to combat non-communicable diseases.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

When was the statewide mission to reduce salt intake announced in Tamil Nadu?

Keywords & Tags

Tamil Nadu Assembly Budget Session Concludes

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly's Budget session for 2026 concluded on September 8, 2026, after functioning for 28 days.

What is it?

The annual session where the state government presents its financial budget and discusses legislative matters.

Key Exam Points

  • The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly's Budget session for this year concluded on September 8, 2026.

  • The House functioned for a total of 28 days, conducting business for 170 hours and six minutes.

  • Speaker J.C.D. Prabhakar stated that 32,055 visitors witnessed the proceedings, the highest in the past three years.

  • From the next Assembly session, live sign-language interpretation would be telecast for the proceedings.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • The State Legislature is constituted under Article 168 of the Indian Constitution.

  • The composition of Legislative Assemblies is outlined in Article 170, specifying a maximum of 500 and a minimum of 60 members.

  • The Annual Financial Statement (State Budget) is mandated by Article 202 of the Constitution.

  • The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly is a unicameral legislature.

  • The total number of elected members in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly is 234.

  • The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly is located at Fort St. George in Chennai.

  • The Madras Legislative Council was established in 1921 under the Government of India Act, 1919.

  • The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was abolished in 1986 during the tenure of Chief Minister M.G. Ramachandran.

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Revision Flashcard

TN Assembly Budget session 2026 concluded after 28 days, with live sign-language interpretation planned for future sessions.

📝 MCQ Challenge0/6 done
Easy

When did the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly's Budget session for this year conclude?

Keywords & Tags

TN Assembly Passes Resolution Against Open-Column Method in Census

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution on September 8, 2026, urging the Centre to eliminate the 'Open-Column Method' during caste enumeration.

What is it?

A state legislative resolution seeking the pre-loading of notified caste lists in the census portal instead of self-declaration to ensure accurate enumeration of BCs, MBCs, and DNCs.

Key Exam Points

  • The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution on September 8, 2026, targeting the Open-Column Method in caste enumeration.

  • The resolution urged the Union government to pre-load notified lists of BCs, MBCs, and DNCs into the Census enumeration portal and application.

  • Under the ambiguous 'Open-Column Method', respondents self-declare their caste for enumerators to record, instead of selecting from a pre-defined list.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • Tamil Nadu has a long history of pioneering social justice legislations and reservation policies for BCs, MBCs, and Backward Classes.

  • Article 340 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to appoint a Commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes.

  • The Census in India is conducted under the Census Act of 1948, which is a Union subject under Entry 69 of the Seventh Schedule.

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TN Assembly adopted a resolution urging the Centre to eliminate the Open-Column Method in caste census enumeration.

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TN to study new methods for dengue prevention

ENதமி
Why in News (08 Sept 2026)

Tamil Nadu Health Minister announced studies to find new ways to prevent dengue spread in the Assembly.

What is it?

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like illness, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.

Key Exam Points

  • The Tamil Nadu government plans to undertake scientific studies to identify new ways to prevent dengue spread.

  • Health Minister K.G. Arunraj announced this in the Assembly on September 8, 2026.

  • The studies will focus on effective mosquito repellents and their community impact.

  • These will be conducted as three Cluster Randomised Controlled Studies.

  • The studies will take place in the Kadayanallur area of Tenkasi district, known for high dengue incidence.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the Dengue virus (DENV).

  • The primary vectors for dengue transmission are Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

  • National Dengue Day is observed annually on May 16 in India to raise awareness.

  • The Tamil Nadu Health System Reform Program (TNHSRP) is a World Bank-supported initiative.

  • The Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam scheme provides doorstep medical care for the elderly and differently-abled in Tamil Nadu.

  • The Varumun Kappom Thittam, a preventive health scheme, was launched in 1998 by Kalaignar.

  • The Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (DPHPM) is a key body for public health initiatives in Tamil Nadu.

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TN government to conduct studies in Tenkasi district's Kadayanallur to prevent dengue spread.

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Bill to Provide Vehicles to TN Legislators Introduced

ENதமி
Why in News (07 Sept 2026)

The Tamil Nadu government introduced a Bill in the Assembly to amend the Tamil Nadu Payment of Salaries Act.

What is it?

This Bill aims to provide vehicles and enhance allowances for Members of Legislative Assembly (MLAs) in Tamil Nadu.

Key Exam Points

  • A Bill was introduced in the Tamil Nadu Assembly to amend the Tamil Nadu Payment of Salaries Act.

  • The amendment aims to provide a vehicle to every MLA and other allowances.

  • Chief Minister C. Joseph Vijay announced this provision on August 19, 2026, in the Assembly.

  • The provision is intended to enable legislators to effectively render public service and discharge duties in their constituencies.

  • The vehicle allowance for MLAs will be enhanced from ₹25,000 to ₹75,000 per month.

  • A personal assistance allowance of ₹25,000 per month will also be sanctioned to them.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • The Tamil Nadu Payment of Salaries Act was originally enacted in 1951.

  • Article 195 of the Indian Constitution empowers State Legislatures to determine the salaries and allowances of their members.

  • The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly consists of 234 elected members.

  • Members of Legislative Assembly (MLAs) represent their respective constituencies and participate in state law-making.

  • The Chief Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers in a state and plays a key role in policy formulation and announcements.

  • Unit 9 of the TNPSC syllabus covers Tamil Nadu Development Administration, including state-specific schemes and local bodies.

  • Unit 5 of the TNPSC syllabus covers Indian Polity, including the structure and functioning of state legislatures.

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TN Bill to provide vehicles and enhance allowances for MLAs introduced in Assembly.

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C. Rangarajan Criticises RRB Consolidation, Urges RBI to Support SFBs

ENதமி
Why in News (07 Sept 2026)

Former RBI Governor C. Rangarajan expressed concern over the consolidation of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), stating it erodes their local character.

What is it?

An expert policy critique on the structural consolidation of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and the adequacy of Small Finance Banks (SFBs) in meeting grassroots credit needs.

Key Exam Points

  • Former RBI Governor C. Rangarajan flagged the reduction of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) as a step in the wrong direction.

  • He noted that the ongoing consolidation process risks eroding the distinct local and regional character of these institutions.

  • The reduction in RRB numbers could eventually lead to their complete merger with universal banks.

  • He asserted that the existing 11 small finance banks will not be sufficient to meet the massive unmet credit needs of the rural sector.

  • He urged the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to actively incentivise Small Finance Banks (SFBs) to bridge the rural credit gap.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established under the Regional Rural Banks Act of 1975.

  • The equity capital of RRBs is shared between the Central Government, sponsor bank, and State Government in the ratio of 50:35:15.

  • The Narasimham Committee on Rural Credit (1991) recommended the establishment of Regional Rural Banks to cater to weaker sections.

  • Small Finance Banks (SFBs) operate under Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was established on April 1, 1935, under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, based on the Hilton Young Commission recommendations.

  • Priority Sector Lending (PSL) norms mandate that RRBs and SFBs allocate 75% of their Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC) to priority sectors.

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C. Rangarajan termed RRB consolidation as a step in the wrong direction, urging RBI to support Small Finance Banks.

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DRDO Missile Production Opens to Private Sector

ENதமி
Why in News (07 Sept 2026)

The Ministry of Defence approved the transfer of DRDO missile technologies for conventional systems to private Indian industry.

What is it?

This policy decision allows private Indian firms to produce conventional missile systems developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).

Key Exam Points

  • The Ministry of Defence (MoD) approved the transfer of DRDO technologies for conventional missile systems to private Indian industry.

  • Strategic nuclear systems will remain strictly under government control.

  • Included missile systems are Akash (Surface-to-Air), Astra (Beyond-Visual-Range Air-to-Air), Pralay (quasi-ballistic), Nag (Anti-Tank Guided), and Rudram (Anti-Radiation).

  • This move aims to boost defence production, exports, and contribute to the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

  • Transferring DRDO missile technologies to private firms helps break the monopolies of Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • India's domestic defence production reached ₹1.78 lakh crore in 2025–26.

  • Defence exports stood at ₹38,424 crore to more than 80 nations.

  • The government envisions ₹3,00,000 crore in indigenous defence production by 2029–30.

  • A target of ₹50,000 crore in defence exports has been set for 2029–30.

  • Private enterprises contribute approximately 24% of domestic defence production.

  • Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) like Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) account for the remaining 76%.

  • The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) functions under the Ministry of Defence.

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DRDO missile production opened to private sector for conventional systems to boost Aatmanirbhar Bharat.

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What recent decision did the Ministry of Defence approve regarding DRDO technologies for conventional missile systems?

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ECI announces bypolls for Assembly, Lok Sabha seats on October 6

ENதமி
Why in News (07 Sept 2026)

The Election Commission of India announced the schedule for by-elections to five Assembly and one Lok Sabha constituency.

What is it?

By-elections are held to fill vacancies in legislative bodies caused by resignation, death, or disqualification of elected members.

Key Exam Points

  • The Election Commission of India (ECI) announced by-elections for five Assembly seats and one Lok Sabha constituency.

  • The by-elections are scheduled to be held on October 6, 2026.

  • The nomination process for these by-elections will remain open until September 16, 2026.

  • The counting of votes for the by-elections will be held on October 9, 2026.

  • The entire election process is slated to be completed by October 11, 2026.

  • The constituencies are located in West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, and Assam.

  • The by-elections were necessitated due to the resignations of elected legislators.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional body responsible for administering elections in India.

  • Article 324 of the Indian Constitution vests the power of superintendence, direction, and control of elections in the ECI.

  • The Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners are appointed by the President of India.

  • Their tenure is six years or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.

  • The Representation of the People Act, 1951, provides for the conduct of elections to the Houses of Parliament and State Legislatures.

  • The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1985 added the Tenth Schedule, dealing with anti-defection law.

  • By-elections are conducted to fill vacancies that arise due to resignation, death, or disqualification of a member.

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ECI announced bypolls for 5 Assembly, 1 Lok Sabha seat on October 6, 2026.

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French Space Agency Trusts ISRO for TRISHNA Mission

ENதமி
Why in News (07 Sept 2026)

French space agency CNES reaffirmed its trust in ISRO despite recent PSLV failures, as they prepare for the TRISHNA mission launch.

What is it?

TRISHNA (Thermal Infra-Red Imaging Satellite for High-resolution Natural Resource Assessment) is a collaborative Indo-French satellite mission.

Key Exam Points

  • The French space agency, CNES, expressed unwavering trust in ISRO.

  • This trust was reaffirmed despite recent back-to-back failures of ISRO’s PSLV rocket.

  • The PSLV is scheduled to launch the Indo-French TRISHNA mission next year.

  • The TRISHNA mission is a collaborative endeavor between ISRO and CNES.

  • TRISHNA stands for Thermal Infra-Red Imaging Satellite for High-resolution Natural Resource Assessment.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is the national space agency of India, established in 1969.

  • CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) is the national space agency of France.

  • PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) is one of ISRO's primary launch vehicles, known for deploying satellites into polar sun-synchronous orbits.

  • India's Gaganyaan mission aims to send humans to space, marking a significant milestone in ISRO's human spaceflight program.

  • Space MAITRI is a collaborative mission between India and Australia, focusing on space situational awareness.

  • YUVIKA is an ISRO program to impart basic knowledge on Space Technology, Space Science, and Space Applications to young students.

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TRISHNA is an Indo-French satellite mission by ISRO and CNES for natural resource assessment.

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India Hosts the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi

ENதமி
Why in News (07 Sept 2026)

India is hosting the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi on September 12-13, 2026.

What is it?

BRICS is an association of major emerging economies comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, along with recently expanded member nations, aimed at enhancing global economic and political cooperation.

Key Exam Points

  • The 18th BRICS Summit is scheduled to be held in New Delhi on September 12-13, 2026.

  • The summit provides India a significant opportunity to bring strategic coherence and clear direction to the expanded BRICS group.

  • BRICS was originally formed to provide a stronger collective voice for major emerging economies in global governance and financial institutions.

📚 Did You Know..!?
  • The acronym BRIC was originally coined by economist Jim O'Neill in 2001 to describe fast-growing emerging economies.

  • South Africa formally joined the grouping in December 2010, changing the acronym from BRIC to BRICS.

  • The New Development Bank (NDB), formerly known as the BRICS Development Bank, is headquartered in Shanghai, China.

  • BRICS nations represent over 40% of the global population and a significant share of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

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The 18th BRICS Summit is hosted by India in New Delhi in September 2026.

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மொத்தம் 93 கட்டுரைகள் — 7 நாட்கள் — தேதி வாரியாக

93 கட்டுரைகள்